雅思小作文范文(精选100篇)

小作文

折线

1.The chart below gives information about how many Europeans citizens of different age groups who frequently went to gym between 1990 and 2010. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The chart above apparently reveals the changes of the amounts of people keeping going to gym in four different age ranges from 1990 to 2010.

As is shown in the lower chart, the numbers of elder people, aged 34-43 and 44-53, stay unchanged around 5% between 1990 and 1994, and then grow slowly before 1998. After 1998, however, the number of 34-43-year-old people stablily increases upto 10% while that of the eldest group stays the same. Furthermore, according to the upper chart, numbers of younger groups going to gym oftentimes including 18-23 and 24-33 ages fluctuate similarly in the range of 15%-25% with the latter one in a more dramatic manner until 2006. In addition, the latter one is caught up during 2002 to 2006. In the last four-year, the number of people in youngest group suddenly dropped off below 20% while the other group, in the contrary, increases continuously and finally exceeds 25%.

To summarize, the number of people going to gym frequently in the 4 type ages all present the tendency to rise in whole except the eldest group, aging 44-53, which stay the same almost all the time.

 

 

2.The chart below shows three different crimes and the number of cases committed in 1970 and 2005 in England and Wales. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The chart provided illustrates a brief picture of the types of crimes and the number of cases in the course of 35 years in two regions—England and Wales.

Among the three types of crimes committed, car theft had taken up the majority in virtually all the years; except for in 1980, it was slightly exceeded by house burgling. The number of cases of car theft, starting at 0.40 million in 1970, steadily increased for the next twenty years and saw a spectacular surge during the period of 1990 to 1995, eventually peaking at 1.60 million, after which it started to gradually drop, ending up at 1.00 million in 2005.

The number of cases of house burgling had been the most fluctuant throughout the 35 years. Accounting for only half of the number of cases of car theft in 1970, it peaked to the point of roughly 0.90 million in 1980, surpassing that of car theft. Afterwards, it went through a fluctuating trend up until 2005, never straying too far away from the point of 0.60 million.

The most sedentary of the three was the number of crimes of street robbery, with an almost indistinguishable change from 1970 all the way to 1995, never exceeding 0.20 million, after which it presented a slightly upward trend and peaked at 0.40 million in 2005.

饼图

1.The charts show different kinds of pollutants entering a particular area of ocean in 1997 and 2007. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The two pie charts given present the proportion of various types of pollutants influencing a certain area in the ocean both in 1997 and 2007.

The percentage of pollutants from air, though making up the majority both in 1997 and 2007, presented a noticeable decrease, from 50% in 1997 to 38% in 2007. Similarly, the proportion of industrial waste and marine transport waste, accounting for roughly 1/6 and 1/4 respectively in 1997, saw an obvious downward trend ten years later, to merely 7% and 8% respectively.

On the contrary, offshore oil and domestic sewage demonstrated a considerable increase over the course of 10 years, surging from 5% and 18% respectively in 1997 to 15% and 32% in 2007.

Other types of pollutants, farm waste and litter, negligible in the first place, shrank and even went off the picture in 2007.

 

 

2.The charts below show the number of reasons why some people leave UK and why some people choose to stay. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The two pie charts given present the proportion of various reasons for people’s decision to stay in or leave UK.

In both charts, “quality of life” ranks the highest in all the five reasons, accounting for 34% for people leaving UK and 40% for those staying. Similarly, two reasons—“employment” and “join family and friends” are relatively close as reasons to leave and to stay in two charts, making up nearly 1/7 and 1/10 in both charts.

The most striking and interesting distinction is the proportion of the reason—“weather”, which accounts for 22% of the reasons for people’s leaving UK yet only 7% of the reasons for people’s staying. Besides, 20% of all the people leaving the UK believe that it was because of “financial resources”, which, by contrast, accounts for up to 30% of people’s decisions of staying in UK.

 

 

3.The charts below show the result of surveys asking undergraduates and postgraduates why they choose Vaster university. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The two charts provided illustrate the preferences of undergraduates and postgraduates respectively for choosing Vaster University. A glance of the distinction provides some interesting facts.

Clearly, “reputation of university” ranks the highest as a criterion for both groups of students, making up 30% of the reasons provided by undergraduates and even 42% for postgraduates. After that, the second highest reason is the same for both groups—24% undergraduates and 36% postgraduates choose Vaster University based on the consideration for “cost”, which is probably where the similarities come to an end.

Subsequent in the ranking are “location”, occupying 10% for undergraduates and 6% for postgraduates, “other”, accounting for 6% and 7% respectively, and “availability of accommodation”, 9% in undergraduates and negligible 3% in postgraduates. 7% postgraduates choose the university because of “personal recommendation”, which is absent as a reason for undergraduates’ choices.

 

 

柱状

1.The chart below shows the number of international applicants from four countries that a European university had from 2004 – 2008. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar graph given provides information on the number of international applicants for a European university from four different countries in the course of 5 years.

It is obvious that the number of Chinese applicants, though being the highest among that of applicants from the other three countries for 4 straight years from 2004 to 2007, presents a discernible downward trend. In 2004, more than 25000 applicants come from China, which, however, dropped to merely 15000 in 2008. By contrast, the number of applicants from Japan, constantly ranking the third among the 4 countries steadily increased from only 5000 in 2004 to 10000 in 2008.

The other two countries saw a relatively dramatic fluctuation during 5 years, particularly America, which provided only 10000 students in 2007, the lowest during the period of 5 years, yet peaked at more than 25000 in 2008. Applicants from Russian kept account for the lowest proportion among the 4 countries in all 5 years, at only roughly 1000 in 2004 and 8000 in 2007, though already at its peak.

 

 

2.The chart below shows the women aged from 16 to 25 in a particular country who prefer to watch or participate in a variety of sports. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The bar graph given presents the preference for watching or participating in various sports of women aged 16 to 25 in a particular country.

It is obvious that in some sports, these women show an obvious will to merely watch instead of participating in themselves. In particular, roughly 60 women like to watch tennis, but only half of them are motivated to take part in the sport. The similar phenomenon can be seen in gymnastics, with 20 women willing to watch but fewer than 10 willing to get involved themselves, which is even more distinct in horse riding and racing, with 5 women like to watch yet only 1 is willing to ride.

When it comes to basketball, the distinction of numbers of women who like to watch and those who participate in the sport is almost indiscernible, both at roughly 50.

By contrast, speaking of badminton and golf, these surveyed women display a clear will to participate in the sports instead of merely watching. Only 5 and 10 people like to watch badminton and golf respectively, yet up to 12 and 30 are motivated to get involved actively.

 

 

3.The chart below shows the percentage of health spending among GDP in five countries in 2002. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The chart given compares the percentage of health spending among GDP in Japan, Italy, France, Germany, and USA in 2002.

In terms of the total spending, Japan clearly allocated the highest part—15%—of its GDP for health among the 5 countries; following Japan were USA, Germany, and France, assigning a bit more than 10% of their total GDP for health. Italy ranked the lowest, with only 9% spent on healthcare.

The percentages of public spending of the 5 countries were almost in correspondence with those of the total spending. Japan spent nearly 10%, ranking the first, whereas Italy spent only 5%, being the last.

When it comes to the private spending, USA, instead of Japan, came to the top, spending 12% of its GDP on healthcare; meanwhile, the lowest percentage of private spending, instead of Italy, was from France, making up only 2% of its GDP. Similarly, the private spending of Italy, Germany, and Japan was not much higher than that of France, no more than 5%.

 

 

表格

1.The table below show the income and expenditure of Harckley Hall, a public place for hiring over the period of three years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The table provided presents the income and expenditure of a public place for hiring, Harckley Hall, over the period of three years.

Clearly, income of hiring room made up the majority of the total income in all three years. It contributed 34000, 35000, and 32000 pounds respectively, consistently constituting almost 40% of the total income during the three years. Compared with that, income of Café was way less, amounting to 3500, 3000, and 4000 relatively in the three years, making up a negligible proportion of the total income.

When it comes to funding, local council steadily contributed roughly 22000 pounds, and funding from other courses was increasing, from 24000 pounds in the first year and 27000 pounds in the third year.

The total income in three years, though with a little fluctuation, amounted to roughly 84000 pounds, whereas expenditure kept going up, from 56000 pounds in the first year to 62000 in the third year, which inevitably led to a decreasing trend of final profit, from 27500 pounds in year 1 to 22000 in year 3.

 

 

2.The table below shows the employment rate and average annual salary of graduates in different fields from an Australian university.

雅思小作文范文

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雅思小作文范文

As countries develop, more and more people buy and use their own cars. Do you think the advantages of this trend for individuals outweigh its disadvantages for the environment?

范文：

The past fifty years have seen a significant increase in the popularity of private cars. While it is argued by many that using own cars may be beneficial in terms of their time-saving and convenience, yet there still remains some arguments that using own cars results in severe pollution for the environment. Overall, it is my personal view that the disadvantages of using private cars are far outweigh their benefit.

When it comes to the advantages, many people choose to use their own cars for the sake of more freedom and fast speed. While It is admitted that public transport provides us with much more economical means of transport, it limits our journey by stations and bus stop. Using own cars, however, give us convenience irrespective of the length of the journey. Take the case of traveling to work by private car as a salient example. You may not need to walk for a long way to your office in case it is far from the bus stop or the station.

On the downside, however, excessive use of private cars may be responsible for serious pollution. Moreover, no matter how comfortable private cars are, they lead to major traffic jams and the shortage of fuel energy. Smoke leaking form vehicles causes extremely bad air that is responsible lots of respitory ailments in human. On top of that, excessive using fuel energy for organising cars may contribute to exploiting coals and fuel to excess, which is incredibly detrimental to environment particularly alternation in climate and weather.

By ways of conclusion, people buying and using their own cars is either beneficial or detrimental to individuals and society at large. Although it can not be denied that private cars are extremely convenient, the adverse impact they may have on environment is highly severe. Therefore, it is obvious that using private cars may be beneficial in the short term, the disadvantages it may cause in the long run far outweigh its advantages. In years to come, I strongly believe that compains regarding encouragement using public transport rather than own cars should be adopted and enjoyed by the majority of population.

雅思小作文范文

In many countries, prison is the most common solution to the problem of crime. However, another effective way is to provide people with better education so that they can not become criminals. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

范文：

In many parts of the world, people who have violated the law are put into prison, which is a very effective way of preventing them committing more crimes. However, many experts believe that better education is probably an even more effective way of addressing the problem of crime. I would suggest that both prison and education are important and each plays a different role in crime control.

Prison is certainly a place where criminals can be made to understand what wrong they have done to other people and why what they have done before is not socially acceptable. In this way, these criminals will have a better chance to come back to normal life. On top of the remedial function, prison can serve as a deterrent for those with an inclination to crime. The likelihood of losing freedom in prison can most effectively stop them from doing harms to the society and other individuals.

Better education can also bring down the overall crime rate in any community, and it is the most desirable preventive measure against crime. To start with, education improves people’s moral standards which enable them to tell right from wrong so that they will build a robust inner wall against any antisocial behaviors. More importantly, people with better education are always able to find a satisfying career that will reward them with a decent life, and they will never think of committing any crime.

In conclusion, prison with its remedial and deterrent function and education with its preventive function are both needed in order to make this world a safer place for all of us to live in.

雅思小作文范文

Some people think that one of the best ways to solve environmental problems is to increase the cost of fuels for cars and other vehicles. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement.

范文：

Recently, it is proposed that the price of cars and petrol be increased to combat the growing traffic and pollution problems. While I think this proposal may be helpful to a certain extent, it is far from the best solution.

Undoubtedly, the increased price of cars and petrol will discourage people from owning and using their own cars, which will surely contribute to the solution of traffic congestion and make big cities cleaner. Our modern lifestyle has made cars indispensable, but in many cases we can use public transport services such as buses and metro, or even ride bicycles, rather than driving our own cars. So if driving our own cars were made a great deal more expensive than using the public transport, many of us would very probably give up driving and opt for the more economical means. As a result, the road conditions and air quality in cities will be improved.

However, increasing the price of cars and petrol may cause unexpected problems. For one thing, it is not fair to those who depend their life on driving cars. Taxi drivers, for instance, may fall victim to this policy because the cost of their operation will go up and they can make less money out of this business. For another, as the higher price of cars and petrol prevents people with average income from driving their cars, it can do nothing to those really wealthy. Then we will face an awkward situation where the rich people enjoy the luxury of cars while most others have to suffer in the crowded public transport.

Therefore, to deal with the traffic and pollution problems, increasing the price of cars and petrol is not enough. The best thing for the government to do is perhaps make more investments on the construction of new roads, and introduce stricter traffic laws, rules and regulations. Meanwhile, if new environmentally friendly energy such as solar energy were developed and widely used, the pollution problem would also be effectively lessened.

雅思小作文范文

Many countries are spending a huge amount of money on supporting their competitors to take part in some worldwide sports competitions. Others argue that it would be better if these countries can spend the money on children to take part in sports. Discuss both and give you own opinion.

范文：

some worldwide sports competitions could improve the comprehensive state power. However, other as opponents claim that to spend money on children to take part in sports activities would be better than support these competitors. To a certain extent, I agree with these opponents, with some reservations. I aim at discussing both side of the issue and put up my opinion.

On the one hand, it has well accepted that participating in more sports activities could improve the health of children. However, nowadays, most of young generation locks physical excises and are reluctant to take part in sports. Accordingly, every country should implement pohueg to encourage and support children sports activities. For example, the government can build more sports fwl,t,eg fitting for children or set up scholarship for these positive young sport participants. Consequently, when the government could spend more and more money on the children sports activities, the more benefits under the policies would address to children.

On the other hand, spending a huge amount of money on supporting these professional competitors would encourage young children to take part in the sports. First of all, if a country has a huge expenditure on world wild professional competitions, this would directly encourage young children to be interested in sports and hope to be a professional sportsman. Besides, young people would be encouraged to take part in the sports activities, when they can find that has been supported by their country. Thus, under a certain extent, I agree with these advocates to spend money on these professional sportsmen, however the range of supporting should be controlled.

To conclude, I concede that government should spend a huge amount of money on supporting children sports, when these young generations are the hope of the future. Nevertheless, I am convinced that expenditure on professional world wild sports activities are also important, and which could effectively encourage, directly or indirectly these children to participate sports.

雅思小作文范文

Some people believe that reading the newspaper is the best way to learn about news, while others believe that the more effective way is through other media. Discuss both views and give your opinion.

范文：

For hundreds of years, people get used to reading the newspaper to know current affairs, but this traditional mode is being challenged by the emergence of various forms of other media.

Since the invention of TV, it has become a common way for people to get informed of the latest news and compared with reading articles, sounds and moving images on TV can better convey the information. In recent years, with the universal access to the Internet, more people turn to reading on the web. Online reading saves the time of printing and distribution and more importantly, most of information on the web is free. Another advantage of new media is their less impact on the environment. The paper-making industry associated with printing newspapers is a heavy polluter and large consumer of wood resources.

However, some people support newspapers and they may give their reasons as follow. The censorship system of publishing newspapers is more rigorous, which means the Information people gain from the printed media is more reliable than that from the Internet. It is true that in many cases, the news turns out to be false after it spreads widely on the web. In addition, some readers, especially elderly citizens, may get accustomed to reading newspapers as they are not familiar with the functions of electronic gadgets.

My view is that the role of the newspaper is diminishing in our daily lives and this trend will become faster in the future. However, “newspaper” will continue to exist, perhaps in another form, demonstrated by the fact that many newspapers are published on websites as online newspapers now.

Line chart/line graph

The line graph illustrates the date about people at a London subway station from 6 am to 10 pm.

 

As we can see from the line graph, the number of people using this station fluctuates over these 16 hours.

 

More specifically, at first at 6 am the number of people at the station stands at only 100.

Then, the number shoots up over the next two hours, peaking at 400 at 8 am.

After that, the number declines rapidly for two hours, bottoming out at 180 at 10 am.

The period between 10 o 'clock and 12 o'clock experiences a slight growth in the number of people in the station, with the number reaching 280 at midday.

 

Numbers in the following two hours level off at just under 300 people.

From this point onwards, the number plunges to only 100 from 2 pm to 4 pm.

The next two hours experiences a sharp rise again, with 6 pm arriving at 380 people.

After 6 pm, the number falls again, reaching the lowest point of 130 at 8 pm.

The period from 8 pm to 10 pm sees a slight rise, but finally the number of people declines again from 180 at 9 pm to 135 at 10 pm.

The graph illustrates changes in the amounts of beef, lamb, chicken, and, fish consumed in a particular European country between 1979 and 2004.

 

Overall, the graph shows the consumption of chicken increased dramatically while the popularity of these other foods decreased over the period.

 

In 1979 beef was by far the most popular of these foods, with about 225 grams consumed per person per week.

Lamp and chicken were eaten in similar quantities(around 150 grams), while much less fish was consumed(just over 50 grams).

 

However ,during this 25-year period the consumption of beef and lamp fell dramatically to approximately 100 grams and 55 grams respectively.

The consumption of fish also declined, but much less significantly to just below 50 grams, so although it remained the least popular food, consumption levels to were the stable.

The consumption of chicken, in the other hand, showed an upward trend, overtaking that of lamb in 1980 and that of beef in 1989.

By 2004 it had soared to almost 250 grams per person per week.

The graph shows energy consumption in the US from 1980 to 2012, and projected consumption to 2030.

 

Overall, the US will continue to rely on fossil fuels, with sustainable and nuclear energy sources remaining relatively insignificant.

 

Petrol and oil are the dominant fuel sources throughout the period, with 35 quadrillion (35q) units used in 1980, rising to 42q in 2012.

Despite some initial fluctuation, from 1995 there was a steady increase.

This is expected to continue, reaching 47q in 2030.

 

Consumption of energy derived from natural gas and coal is similar over the period.

Form 20q and 15q respectively in 1980, gas showed an initial fall and coal a gradual increase, with the two fuels equal between 1985 and 1990.

Consumption has fluctuated since 1990 but both now provide 24q.

Coal is predicted to increase steadily to 31q in 2030, whereas after 2014, gas will remain stable at 25q.

 

In 1980, energy from nuclear, hydro- and solar/wind power was equal at only 4q.

Nuclear has risen by 3q, and solar/wind by 2.

After slight increases, hydropower has fallen back to the1980 figure.

It is expected to maintain this level until 2030, while the others should rise slightly after 2025.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

BAR CHART

The bar charts illustrate how developing and developed countries participated in education and science in the years of 1980 and 1990.

 

 

 

 

In terms of years of schooling, both developing countries and industrialized countries experienced stable increase, with the former increasing from 2.5 years of schooling in 1980 to 3.5 years in 1990, and the latter growing from 8.5 years in 1980 to 10.5 years in 1990.

 

When it comes to scientists and technicians per 1000 people, developing countries, as well as industrialized countries, show a similarly upward trend.

There were about 10 scientists and technicians per 1000 people for developing countries in 1980 while there were approximately 42 people for industrialized countries in the same period.

The gap widened in 1990, with 15 scientists and technicians per 1000 people in less developed countries but 70 in developed countries.

 

Unlike the 2 indicators above-mentioned, spending on research and development has seen a utterly different picture in developing countries.

While developed countries have more than doubled their spending on Research & Development from $150 billion to $350 billion, developing countries diminished theirs from $50 billion to $25 billion.

The chart shows the time spent by UK residents on different types of telephone calls between 1995 and 2002.

 

To sum up, although local fixed line calls were still the most popular in 2002, the gap between the three categories had narrowed considerably over the second half of the period in question.

 

Local fixed line calls were the highest throughout the period, rising from 72 billion minutes in 1995 to just under 90 billion in 1998.

After peaking at 90 billion the following year, these calls had fallen back to the 1995 figure by 2002.

National and international fixed line calls grew steadily from 38 billion to 61 billion at the end of the period in question, though the growth slowed over the last two years.

 

There was a dramatic increase in mobile calls from 2 billion to 46 billion minutes.

This rise was particularly noticeable between 1999 and 2002, during which time the use of mobile phones tripled.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PIE CHART

 

It can be concluded from the pie chart that chicken is the most commonly bought meat while others is the least commonly bought meat.

 

As can be seen in the pie chart, chicken, which makes up 40%, is the most popular among the total meat sold, then next is pork with 20%, followed by beef, constituting 18%, and finally come lamb, fish and others at 15%, 5% and 2% respectively.

 

It should be noted that the sale of pork is half as much as that of chicken.

And it is also interesting to note that the sale of chicken is 20 times as much as that of others.

The charts show how much a UK school spent on different running costs in three separate years:1981,1991 and 2001.

 

Overall, teachers’ salaries constitutes the largest cost to the school, and while spending increased dramatically for equipment and insurance, there were corresponding drops on expenditure on things such as books and on other workers’ salaries.

 

In all three years, the greatest expenditure was on staff salaries.

But while other workers’ salaries saw a fall from 28% in 1981 to only 15% of spending in 2001, teachers’ pay remained the biggest cost, reaching 50% of total spending in 1991 and ending at 45% in 2001.

 

Expenditure on resources such as books had increased to 20% by 1991 before decreasing to only 9% by the end of the period.

In contrast, the cost of furniture and equipment saw an opposite trend.

This cost decreased to only 5% of total expenditure in 1991 but rose dramatically in 2001 when it represented 23% of the school budget. Similarly, the cost of insurance saw a rising trend, growing from only 2% to 8% by 2001.

The charts compare the source of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 and 2000.

 

Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power.

Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 units to 170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France.

 

In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source(50 units) and the remainder was produced from natural gas, hydro power(each producing 20 units) and oil(which produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source supplying approximately 20%.

 

In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which was matched by natural gas.

The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units.

But by 2000 nuclear power, which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and together produced only 50 units.

Other source were no longer significant.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The table shows percentages of consumer expenditure for three categories of products and services in five countries in 2002.

 

It is clear that the largest proportion of consumer spending in each country went on food, drinks and tobacco.

On the other hand, the leisure/education category has the lowest percentages in the table.

 

Out of the five countries, consumer spending on food, drinks and tobacco was noticeably higher in Turkey, at 32.14%, and Ireland, at nearly 29%.

The proportion of spending on leisure and education was also highest in Turkey, at 4.35%, while expenditure on clothing and footwear was significantly higher in Italy, at 9%, than in any of the other countries.

 

It can be seen that Sweden had the lowest percentages of national consumer expenditure for food/drinks/tobacco and for clothing/footwear, at nearly 16% and just over 5% respectively.

Spain had slightly higher figures for these categories, but the lowest figure for leisure/education, at only 1.98%.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The figure illustrates the process used by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology to forecast the weather.

 

There are four stages in the process, beginning with the collection of information about the weather.

This information is then analyzed, prepared for presentation, and finally broadcast to the public.

 

Looking at the first and second stages of the process, there are three ways of collecting weather data and three ways of analyzing it.

Firstly, incoming information can be received by satellite and presented for analysis as a satellite photo.

The same data can also be passed to a radar station and presented on a radar.

Finally, drifting buoys also receive data which can be shown on a synoptic chart.

 

At the third stage of the process, the weather broadcast is prepared on computers.

Finally, it is delivered to the public on television, on the radio, or as a recorded telephone announcement.

 

 

 

 

The picture illustrates the way in which water passes from ocean to air to land during the natural process known as the water cycle.

 

Three main stages are shown on the diagram.

Ocean water evaporates, falls as rain, and eventually runs back into the oceans again.

 

Beginning at the evaporation stage, we can see that 80% of water vapors in the air comes from the oceans.

Heat from the sun causes water to evaporate, and water vapour condenses to form clouds.

At the second stage, labeled ‘precipitation’ on the diagram, water falls as rain or snow.

 

At the third stage in the cycle, rainwater may take various paths.

Some of it may fall into lakes or return to the oceans via ‘surface runoff’.

Otherwise, rainwater may filter through the ground, reaching the impervious layer of the earth.

Salt water intrusion is shown to take place just before groundwater passes into the oceans to complete the cycle.

 

The map shows the growth of a village called Chorleywood between 1868 and 1994.

 

It is clear that the village grew as the transport infrastructure was improved.

Four periods of development are shown on the map, and each of the populated areas is near to the main roads, the railway or the motorway.

 

From 1868 to 1883, Chorleywood covered a small area next to one of the main roads.

Chorleywood Park and Golf Course is now located next to this original village area.

The village grew along the main road to the south between 1883 and 1922, and in 1909 a railway line was built crossing this area from west to east.

Chorleywood station is in this part of the village.

 

The expansion of Chorleywood continued to the east and west alongside the railway line until 1970.

At that time, a motorway was built to the east of the village, and from 1970 to 1994, further development of the village took place around motorway intersections with the railway and one of the main roads.

 

 

 

 

 

 

The table given provides information on the employment rate and annual salary of graduates in 6 different fields from an Australian university.

Compared the other five fields, health majors clearly enjoyed the highest employment rate, 91%, which, however, led to an unmatched, if not the lowest, annual salary of 42000 dollars, ranking the last but one among the annual salary of the other five fields. At the other end of spectrum of the employment rate, graduate students from the field of social found it hardest to find employment, with the lowest employment rate, at 67%. They correspondingly obtained the lowest annual salary of only 38000 dollars among the 6 fields.

Following the field of health was the employment rates of law, 88%, and the graduates enjoyed the highest annual salary of 59000 dollars. Similarly, graduate students of engineering and IT enjoyed both the second highest employment rate of 85% and the second highest annual salary of 56000 dollars.

Arts and science graduates had similar employment rates of 72% and 75% respectively and close annual salaries of 42000 dollars and 43000 dollars respectively.

 

 

3.The charts below show the number of international students in Canada and USA in 2002 and 2003, also the changes of the increase in student population over the two years. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The chart given provides information on the number and changes of international students in Canada and USA over the period from 2002 to 2003.

For both Canada and USA, the number of international students from outside North America, namely China and India, presented a spectacularly upward trend. The number of Chinese students in Canada increased by 27%, from 3100 in 2002 and 3956 in the following year; a similar increase of 33% was seen in the number of Chinese students in USA, from 5650 in 2002 and 7545 in the next year. Also, Indian students, though not the majority in sheer number of international students in Canada, presented an obvious surge, increasing by 50% in 2003 and a similarly impressive 29% in USA.

Interestingly, students from both Canada and USA showed a decreasing will to study in the other country in 2003. 2243 students from USA decided to pursue education in Canada in 2002, but the next year, the number dropped by 6%, to 2101. The phenomenon was even more severe in USA, which was the choice for 6852 Canadian students in 2002 yet only 5214 Canadian students in the next year, decreasing by 23%.

 

 

混合图

1.The charts below show the number of university students in a particular country and how much the government spent on each student between 1984 and 2009 as well as the financial condition of student’s families. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The three charts given provide information on the number of college students in a country, governmental spending per student and the financial conditions of these students’ families between 1984 and 2009.

Speaking of the number of college students, it generally presented a steady upward trend, from a little more than 150000 in 1984 to 400000 in 2009, except for a mild drop from 250000 in 1989 to roughly 230000 in 1994.

As for how much the government spent on each student, in 1984, it was the highest, roughly 14500 dollars, which fluctuated and decreased to only 11000 in 2004. After that, however, it demonstrated a spectacular rebound to 12000 dollars in 2009.

When it comes to the economic backgrounds of students’ families, more than half of the students came from middle income families, while at the two ends of the spectrum, low income families and high income families account for roughly 1/4 and 1/5 respectively.

 

 

2.The charts below show the amount of financial aid that four countries received and how the money was spent on 1974 and 2014. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The chart given illustrate the amount of financial aid for four different countries and the distribution of the monetary support in 1974 and 2004. It is clear that both the total amount and the distribution of the financial support showed an obvious decline over the period of 40 years.

Speaking of the amount of financial support, in 1974, all the four countries enjoyed a considerably high standard, among which South Africa received 65 million, ranking the highest, and Thailand received 48 million, being the lowest. However, they all witnessed a dramatic decrease 40 years later, particularly China, whose financial support dropped to merely 6 million. The other three countries, too, decreased by roughly half in 2014.

As for what aspects these financial aids were spent on, in 1974, catering, medicine, and finance were almost equally important, receiving approximately 70 to 80 million. On the contrary, the proportion dramatically changed: financial support on medicine and finance slightly dropped to roughly 60 million, whereas those on catering saw a striking decrease to only 15 million, being the most obvious decline.

 

 

3.The line chart below shows the percentage of population aged under 5 years old and aged 65 years old or above in the world since 1950 with projections until 2040. The table below shows the projections of the percentage of the population aged 65 and above in 2020 and 2040 in different regions. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The line graph given provides information on the percentage of population under the age of 5 and over the age of 65 from 1950 and 2040, and table shows the expectancy of the senior citizens in 2020 and 2040 in various regions.

It is clear from the line graph that the percentage of population under 5 years old and that over 65 years old showed completely opposite trends. The former, starting and peaking at 30% in 1950, kept decreasing steadily, up until a little more than 10% in 2030, with a mild rebound in the following 10 years. On the contrary, the latter, beginning at the lowest rate of merely 5%, gradually went up to roughly 15% in 2010, went through a series of mild fluctuations, and finally peaked at a little more than 15% in 2040.

As for the projections of senior citizens, aged over 65 and above, Asia, Latin America, North America, North Africa, and Western Europe all have to deal with the ever more severe aging of the population in 2040, compared with that in 2020. Only Sub-Sahara presented a mild decrease from 5% to 3%.

 

 

4.The charts below show the average temperatures in 12 months in three cities and how many hours of sunshine these cities have in a year. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.

The line graph gives information on the average temperatures throughout a year and the hours of sunshine annually in London, New York, and Sydney.

In Northern Hemisphere, average monthly temperatures in London and New York presented similar trends, both peaking at roughly 25℃ in July or August and reaching the lowest at 5℃ in January. The average temperature in New York is a little higher than that in London for most of the months, except for the period from December to March. Clearly, the temperature in New York is more fluctuant than that in London all through the year. Sydney, located in the other hemisphere, displayed a completely opposite picture, peaking at 30℃ in January and reaching the lowest at 15℃ in July.

When it comes to the total annual hours of sunshine, New York enjoyed the highest of 2633 hours, followed by 2520 hours in Sydney. At the other extreme, however, hours of sunshine in London didn’t even make up half of those in the other two cities.表格图001
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The table below give information about Favorite Pastimes in different countries. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
Write at least 150 words. 
From 30 - 50 years old
TV
Sport
Reading
Hobbies
Music
Beach
Sleep
Canada
60
22
15
40
3
0
2
France
/
/
30
20
4
/
/
England
/
/
30
21
4
/
20
Australia
65
30
15
45
5
30
4
Korea
22
21
60
45
2
2
4
China
15
25
60
50
0
5
5
USA
60
23
15
42
23
30
2
Japan
/
/
62
/
/
/
/
model answer:
This table clearly presents and compares favorable pastimes in eight different countries. The 
pastimes, across the top of the table, are analyzed in relation to each country. 
As can be seen, about 60% of Canadians, Australians and Americans like watching television. On 
the other hand, this figure is quite low for China where only 15% of people watch television. 
Predictably, Americans like music at 23%, whereas only 2 to 5% of people in the other countries 
feel the same way. 20% of people in England enjoy sleeping as a pastime whereas in Canada and 
the USA, for example, the figure is only 2%. Interestingly, the Chinese like hobbies the most at 
50%, as opposed to only 20% in France. It isn't surprising that the highest percentage of 
beach-lovers is in Australia and the USA at 30%. 
It seems that pastimes of people of different nationalities may be influenced by a number of 
factors such as the socio-economic situation or the climate. These factors influence cultural 
differences between different nationalities and make cross-cultural experiences more interesting. 
(175 words) 
表格图002
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The table below provide information on rental charges and salaries in three areas of London. 
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown below. 
You should write at least 150 words. 
Weekly rents per property 
Salaries needed (£/year)
(£/w)
Area
1 bed
2 bed
3 bed
1 bed
2 bed
3 bed
Notting Hill
98,500
127,500
194,000
375
485
738
450
650
325
Regent's Park
85,500
118,000
170,500
390
600
215
56,500
102,500
157,500
Fulham
model answer:
The table shows two sets of related information: the relative cost, in pounds, of renting a 
property with one, two or three bedrooms in three different suburbs of London and an indication 
of the kind of annual salary you would need to be earning to rent in these areas. 
Of the three areas mentioned, Notting Hill is the most expensive with weekly rents starting at 
£375 (salary approximately f 100,000) and rising to £738 per week for a 3-bedroom property. To 
afford this, you would require a salary in the region of £200,000 per annum. Alternatively, Fulham 
is the cheapest area shown with rents ranging from £215 per week for a one bedroom property 
to £600 per week for a 3-bedroom property. To rent in this area, salaries need to be somewhere 
between £85,000 and £170,000 depending on the number of bedrooms required. For those able 
cars which are the next largest producers. Very little is spent by the EU on air travel while roads 
make up more than half of the EU transport budget. 
Trains produce about three times less CO2 emissions per passenger kilometre than passenger 
cars and eight times less than air travel. Nearly a third of EU transport funds are spent on railways. 
Ships are a clean form of transport and produce about the same amount of CO2 per passenger 
kilometre as trains do. However, only 2 percent of EU funds are spent on ports. A further one 
percent is spent on inland waterways. 
Coaches are the cleanest form of transport. Emissions of CO2 per passenger kilometre from 
coaches are half those of buses. Buses emit less than half as much CO2 per passenger kilometre 
as cars. The European Union spends 10 percent of its transport budget on public transport, such 
as buses and coaches. 
(197 words) 
组合图002
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The graphs show enrolment in different colleges in the Higher Colleges of Technology in 
1999. 
Write a total of 150 - 200 words about the information in the three graphs.  
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information given. 
You should write at least 150 words. 
model answer:
The charts shows student enrolment by gender and level in different colleges of the Higher 
Colleges of Technology colleges in the UAE.  
There are clear differences in male and female enrolment. Females outnumber men in all the 
colleges, with almost 25% more students in Dubai Women's college than in Dubai Men's. Ras 
Al-Khaimah Women's College has almost 180 students, compared to only 100 in the Men's 
college.  
Females also outnumber males by level, with almost double the number of men at Higher 
Diploma level (330 compared to 181). Only at Diploma level does the number of men slightly 
exceed that of women. 
Over half the students are in Certificate level, with less than a quarter at Higher Diploma or 
Bachelor level. 
In conclusion, most students in the Higher Colleges are enrolled at Diploma level or below, and 
the majority of students are women. 
(143 words)
饼图pie chart 
C7-TEST4 
The pie charts below show units of electricity production by fuel source in Australia 
and France in 1980 and 2000. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(a very good answer) 
The charts compare the sources of electricity in Australia and France in the years 1980 
and 2000. Between these years electricity production almost doubled, rising from 100 
unites to170 in Australia, and from 90 to 180 units in France. 
In 1980 Australia used coal as the main electricity source (50 units) and the remainder 
was produced from natural gas, hydro power (each producing 20 units) and oil (which 
produced only 10 units). By 2000, coal had become the fuel for more than 75% of 
electricity produced and only hydro continued to be another significant source 
supplying approximately 20%. 
In contrast, France used coal as a source for only 25 units of electricity in 1980, which 
was matched by natural gas. The remaining 40 units were produced largely from oil 
and nuclear power, with hydro contributing only 5 units. But by 2000 nuclear power, 
which was not used at all in Australia, had developed into the main source, producing 
almost 75% of electricity, at 126 units, while coal and oil together produced only 50 
units. Other sources were no longer significant. 
Overall, it is clear that by 2000 these two countries relied on different principal fuel 
sources: Australia relied on coal and France on nuclear power. 
all increased while the quantity transported by rail has remained almost constant at 
about 40 million tonnes. 
The largest quantity of goods transported both in 1974 and 2002 was by road 
(70million tonnes and 98 million tonnes respectively) while the lowest both in 1974 
and 2002 was by pipeline (about 5 million tonnes and 22 million tonnes respectively). 
The amount of goods transported by water was constant from 1974 to 1978, where it 
showed an exponential growth, rising to almost 60 million tonnes after which it 
plateayed for about 20 years before starting to rise gradually again. 
The amount of goods transported by rail is almost constant at 40 million tonnes in 
1974 and 2002, with decreases in quantity in between the years. It is also interesting 
to note that almost all showed a decrease in 1994 in amount of goods transported 
except for the pipeline, which actually peaked in that year. 
In conclusion the road remains the most popular method of transporting goods in the 
UK while water and pipelines are becoming increasingly used, have not become more 
popular as a method of transport. 
C3-TEST1 
The charts below show the number of Japanese tourists travelling abroad between 
1985 and 1995 and Australia’s share of the Japanese tourists market. 
Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. 
(5 score)
This chart shows us that Japanese tourists go abroad for travelling in a decade and 
Australian’s share of marketing for Japanese tourists. Between 1985 and 1995 
Japanese tourists travelling abroad was dramatically increased. In 85 there was about 
5million travellar go abroad. Since 85 number of traveller went up dramatically until 
90. It was alomost twice then between 90 and 93 the number remain stateable, which 
is about 12 millions. From 93 to 95 it rose slightly. Therefore in 1995 there were 
about 15 millions people went abroad. 
I am going to write about the other chart, which is Australian’s share of 
Japanese’s tourist market. This is also between 1985 and 1995. About 2 million 
Japanese tourist went to Australia in 1985. Between 85 and 89 people went there is 
increased sharply, which is almost 3 times more. In 1990 it fall number slightly but 
from 90 to 94 number is went up. However 94 to 95 is not so went up number of 
people who went to Australia. It rimain is the same or slightly decreased. 
(The writer does what is required of her in terms of task fulfillment, and the 
message can be followed, but the weakness in grammatical control and in spelling 
cause difficulty for the reader. Complex sentence structures are attempted, but the 
greatest level of accuracy are found in basic, simple structures.) 
C4-TEST4 
The chart below give information about travel to and from UK, and about the most 
popular countries for UK residents to visit. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(5 score) 
The graphs reveal an information about overseas residents travel to UK and UK 
residents travel to other countries, and where they visited more. 
According to the chart of visit to and from UK, UK residents had visited abroad 
more than overseas residents visited UK. UK residents traveling were increased 
slightly till 1986, after that, there was a dramatic rise from $ 20 millions to 
$ 54 millions till 1999. In contrast, overseas residents were increased gradually 
in traveling to UK from $ 10 million to $ 28 millions between 1979 and 
1999. 
From the information shown, we can see that France was the most popular 
country visited by UK residents, accounting for & dollar; 11 millions. And the others 
countries visited by UK residents were Turkey, Greece and USA, which were $ 
3, $4 and $ 5 millions. 
(The response is under-length<138 words>. The candidate reports the key 
information in the first graph i.e. that visits to and from UK increased and that the 
increase in visits from UK was more maked than that of visits to the country. In the 
bar chart the information is also reported accurately. However, the references to 
&dollar are confusing, suggesting that the candidate has not fully understood 
across the information given. 
There is a brief introduction to the topic, with an attempt to paraphrase the 
rubric; the overall structure of the writing is clear, with some use of basic discourse 
markers. There is very little use of reference, however, resulting in a considerable 
amount of repetition of key vocabulary. 
There is a fairly narrow range of sentence types and errors occur in verb 
formation and in the use of tenses.) 
C6-TEST1 
The graph and table below give information about water use worldwide and water 
consumption in two different countries. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(a very good answer) 
The graph shows how the amount of water used worldwide changed between 1900 
and 2000. 
Throughout the century, the largest quantity of water was used for agricultural 
purpose, and this increased dramatically from about 500 km3 to around 3,000 km3 in 
the year 2000. Water used in the industrial and domestic sectors also increased, but 
consumption was minimal until mid-century. From 1950 onwards, industrial use grew 
steadly to just over 1,000 km3, while domestic use rose more slowly to only 300 km3, 
both far below the levels of consumption by agriculture. 
The table illustrates the differences in agricultural consumption in some areas of the 
world by contrasting the amount of irrigated land in Brazil (26,500 km2) with that in 
the D.R.C. (100 km2). This means that a huge amount of water is used in agriculture 
in Brazil, and this is reflected in the figures for water consumption per person: 359 m3 
compared with only 8 m3 in the Congo. With a population of 176 million, the figures 
for Brazil indicate how high agricultural water consumption can be in some countries. 
C4-TEST2 
The graph below shows the demand for electricity in England during typical days in 
winter and summer. The pie chart shows how electricity is used in an average English 
home. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(6 score) 
The use of electricity in England is indispensedwith demand for electricity in 
England during typical days in winter and summer is illustrated in the graph. The use 
of electricity in an average English home is shown in the pie chart. From the graph, it 
is generally obvious that the demand is in its maximum around 2100, and in its 
minimum around 400, being almost constant between 1200 and 2100 in winter times. 
During summer times, on the other hand, the demand reaches its top points around 
1300, and the bottom point around 900, being almost constant between 1550 and 
2000. 
In winter times, the curve gradually increases to reach 40,000 units of electricity 
by 3 o’clock in the morning. This is followed by gradual decline to its lowest limite of 
30,000 units at 9 o’clock. A gradual rise is obvious again to reach a stationary level 
between 3 o’clock and 9 o’clock of about 40,000 units again. Then, there is a sharp 
rise in the next hour to rech its maximum before collapsing again to a lower level by 
the end of the day. 
In summer time, the curve gradually decrease to reach its lower limit around 9 
o’clock of a bit more than 10,000 units. A gradual increase is noticed to reach its top 
of 20,000 after which a stationary phase is obvious between 3 o’clock and 10 o’clock 
at night of about 15,000 units. 
The pie chart, on the other hand, shows that 52.5% of the electricity is used for 
heating rooms and water. 17.5% is consumed for ovens, kettles and washing machines, 
15% is used in lighting, TV and radio, and finally 15% is consumed in the sueof 
vacuum cleaners, food mixtures and electric tools. 
(The answer focuses too closely on the details in the graph but fails to compare 
trends or general differences between figures for winter and summer. Some 
comparisons are made, but these are about details, and it is difficult to get a clear 
idea of the information from this description. 
Similarly, information in the pie chart is simply listed using the language from 
the chart and there is no attempt to relate this to information in the graph. 
The description is not well organized, although a range of linkers are used, and 
the use of paragraphs does not reflect the different sections of information covered. 
There is a suitable range of vocabulary for this task, although some words are 
misused and there are several spelling errors. The range and control of 
grammatical structure is the strong point of the main part of this response. There 
are examples of complex structures that are used with accuracy and some 
flexibility.) 
柱图bar chart
C3-TEST 2 
The chart below shows the amount spent on six consumer goods in four European 
countries. 
Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. 
(a very 
good answer)
The charts below show the levels of participation in education and science in 
developing and industrialized countries in 1980 and 1990. 
(a very good answer)
Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. 
The data shows the differences between developing and industrialized countries 
participation in education and science. 
In terms of the number of years of schooling received, we see that length of time 
people spend at school in industrialized countries was much greater at 8.5 years in 
1980, compared to 2.5 years in developing countries. The gap was increased further in 
1990 when the figures rose to 10.5 years and 3.5 years respectively. 
We can see a similar pattern in the second graph, which shows that the number of 
people working as scientists and technicians in industrialized countries increased from 
55 to 85 per 1,000 people between 1980 and 1990, while the number in developing 
countries went from 12 to 20. 
Finally, the figures for spending on research and development show that industrialized 
countries more than doubled their spending, from $200bn to $420bn, whereas 
developing countries actually decreased theirs, from $75bn down to $25bn. 
Overall we can see that not only are there very large differences between the two 
economies but that these gaps are widening. 
C4-TEST 3 
The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in Australia 
and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(a very good answer)
The chart gives information about post-school qualifications in terms of the different 
levels of further education reached by men and women in Australia in 1999. 
We can see immediately that there were substantial differences in the proportion of 
men and women at different levels. The biggest gender difference is at the lowest 
post-school level, where 90% of those who held a skiiled vocational diploa were men, 
compared with only 10% of women. By contrast, more women held undergraduate 
diplomas (70%) and marginally more women reached degree level (55%). 
At the higher levels of education, men with postgraduate diplomas clearly 
outnumbered their female counterparts (70% and 30%, respectively), and also 
constituted 60% of Master’s graduates. 
Thus we can see that more men than women hold qualifications at the lower and 
higher levels of education, while more women reach undergraduate diploma level 
than men. The gender difference is smallest at the level of Bachelor’s degree, 
however. 
C5-TEST 2 
The chart below shows the main reasons for study among students of different age 
froups and the amount of support they received from employers. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(8 score) 
The first graph shows that there is a gradual decrease in study for career reasons with 
age. Nearly 80% of students under 26 years, study for their career. This percentage 
gradually declines by 10-20% every decade. Only 40% of 40-49 yr olds and 18% of 
over 49yr olds are studying for career reasons in late adulthood. 
Conversely, the first graph also shows that study stemming from interest 
increases with age. There are only 10% of under 26yr olds studying out of interest. 
The percentage increases slowly till the beginning of the fourth decade, and increases 
dramatically in late adulthood. Nearly some number of 40-49yr olds study for career 
and interest. However 70% of over 49yr olds study for interest in comparison to 18% 
studying for career reasons in that age group. 
The second graph shows that employer support is maximum (approximately 60%) 
for the under 26yr students. It drops rapidly to 32% up to the third decade of life, and 
then increases in late adulthood up to about 44%. It is unclear whether employer 
support is only for career-focused study, but the highest level is for those students who 
mainly study for career purposes. 
C6-TEST 4 
The charts below give information about USA marriage and divorce rates between 
1970 and 2000, and the marital status of adult Americans in two of the years. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(6.5 score)
We are given two charts which show us a few sets of data about the marital status of 
the Americans between 1970 and 2000. 
The first chart compares the number of marriages and divorces in the United 
States of America between 1970 and 2000. We can see that data is given for each 
decade; the number of people who are getting married decreased slightly since 1980, 
as well as the divorces one. Nevertheless, divorces increased between 1970 and 1980. 
The second chart is more precise about the different marital status of the 
Americans between 1970 and 2000. The number of divorced people has risen more 
than the double during this two years, and the data for the never married people has 
also increased significantly. However, less and less people are married, as the first 
chart showed us; the widowed American number is also decreasing. 
As a conclusion, we can say that the marital status background of the American 
has maybe known the greatest change it had ever seen. 
(The Task Achievement is the weak point in this answer. Some of the data is 
summarized but the points are not well-selected to convey the key trends shown in 
the charts. The main features of the first chart are not adequately presented and the 
overall conclusion does not summarise the main information. No figures are given 
to illustrate the points made. 
The information is well-organised, however, with clear paragraphing and 
well-signalled sections. The accurate use of a range of sequencers and other linkers 
makes it easy to follow the writing. There are examples of errors but they are not 
frequent and do not cause confusion. 
A range of vocabulary is used with flexibility, in spite of some inappropriate 
collocations and awkward phrasing. Structures are varied and generally accurate, 
while any mistakes do not make the message unclear. ) 
C7-TEST 3 
The chart below shows information about changes in average house prices in five 
different cities between 1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 
1989. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(6.5 score )
The chart gives information about the percentage change in average house prices in 
five different cities located in five different countries over 12 year period between 
1990 and 2002 compared with the average house prices in 1989. 
According to the chart, during the period from 1990 to 1995 the average prices of 
houses in three cities decreased significantly by five percent in New York (USA) and 
about 7.5 percent in both Tokyo (Japan) and London (UK). While the average house 
prices increased slightly in two cities Madrid (Spain) and Frankfurt (Germany) by 
about 1.5 percent and 2 percent respectively. 
As far as the next period (1996-2002) is concerned, it is clear that the average house 
prices decreased only in Tokyo (Japan) by 5 percent. In contrast the average house 
prices increased in the rest of cities. In New York it increased considerablyby 5 
percent, in Madrid it increased slightly by 4 percent, in Frankfurt it increased by 2 
percent. 
London has the largest increase in the average house price over the 6-year period from 
1996 to 2002 as it increased dramatically by 11 percent. 
All in all, there are wide differences in house prices between the five cities which 
illustrated in this chart. These differences may be a result of the number of population 
or number of houses required in a certain city. 
(This answer clearly present and illustrates the key points of the information. The 
writer groups the data effectively and draws clear comparisons, although these 
could be more appropriately extended in the overview. Information is well 
organized across the response and a range of linking devices is used. 
The opening paragraph, however, is an inadequate paraphrase of language 
given in the task, and although there are some appropriate collocations in the 
response, overall the range of vocabulary is rather restricted. Control is good, 
however, with few examples of error. 
A variety of structures is used with some fluency. There are occasional errors 
in punctuation and there are also some omissions and errors in grammar, but these 
tend to be minor and do not reduce communication. ) 
C1-TEST 1 
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The charts below show the results of a survey of adult education. The first chart 
shows the reasons why adults decide to study. The pie chart shows how people think 
the costs of adult education should be shared. 
Write a report for a university lecturer, describing the information shown below. 
You should write at least 150 words. 
The chart shows that high income earners consumed considerably more fast foods 
than the other income groups, spending more than twice as much on hamburgers (43 
pence per person per week) than on fish and chips or pizza (both under 20 pence). 
Average income earners also favoured hamburgers, spending 33 pence per person per 
week, followed by fish and chips at 24 pence, then pizza at 11 pence. Low income 
earners appear to spend less than other income groups on fast foods, though fish and 
chips remains their most popular fast food, followed by hamburgers and then pizza. 
From the graph we can see that in 1970, fish and chips were twice as popular as 
burgers, pizza being at that time the least popular fast food. The consumption of 
hamburgers and pizza has risen steadily over the 20 year period to 1990 while the 
consumption of fish and chips has been in decline over that same period with a slight 
increase in popularity since 1985. 
表格table 
C4-TEST 1 
The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in 
poverty in Australia in 1999. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
The table gives a breakdown of the different types of family who were living in 
poverty in Australia in 1999. 
On average, 11% of all households, comprising almost two million people, were in 
this position. However, those consisting of only one parent or a single adult had 
almost double this proportion of poor people, with 21% and 19% respectively. 
Couples generally tended to be better off, with lower poverty levels for couples 
without children (7) than those with children (12). It is noticeable that for both types 
of household with children, a higher than average proportion were living in poverty at 
this time. 
Older people were generally less likely to be poor, though once again the trend 
favored elderly couples (only 4%) rather than single elderly people (6%). 
Overall the table suggests that households of single adults and those with children 
were more likely to be living in poverty than those consisting of couples. 
C5-TEST 4 
The table below gives information about the underground railway systems in six 
cities. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
The table shows the details regarding the underground railway systems in six cities. 
London has the oldest underground railway systems among the six cities. It was 
opened in the year 1863, and it is already lye years old. Paris is the second oldest, in 
which it was opened in the year 1900. This was then followed by the opening of the 
railway systems in Tokyo, Washington DC and Kyoto. Los Angeles has the newest 
underground railway system, and was only opened in the year 2001. In terms of the 
size of the railway systems, London, For certain, has the largest underground railway 
systems. It has 394 kilometres of route in total, which is nearly twice as large as the 
system in Paris. Kyoto, in contrast, has the smallest system. It only has 11 kilometres 
of route, which is more than 30 times less than that of London. 
Interestingly, Tokyo, which only has 155 kilometres of route, serves the greatest 
number of passengers per year, at 1927 millions passengers. The system in Paris has 
the second greatest number of passengers, at 1191 millions passengers per year. The 
smallest underground railway system, Kyoto, serves the smallest number of 
passengers per year as predicted. 
In conclusion, the underground railway systems in different cities vary a lot in the site 
of the system, the number of passengers served per year and in the age of the system. 
C6-TEST 2 
The table below gives information about changes in modes of travel in England 
between 1985 and 2000. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(6.0) 
In 2000 the most preferred mode of travel is by car with 4806 people. There's a 
noticeable decrease in pubic transportation locally where it dropped from 429 people 
in 1985 to 274 people in 2000. However the long distance bus rides is much more 
preferred by people as its figures are more than doubled in the last 15 years. People 
who chose to walk or cycle are decreased slightly in 2000 which probably made 
people to take the train more often. There's a significant increase in numbers of people 
who travelled by train. It jumped from 289 in 1985 to 366 in 2000. this makes the 
train second popular mode of transportation. The biggest leap in the chart is the 
increase of taxi users who are tripled in 2000 with 42 people, where it was only 13 in 
1985. 
Apart form all this modes of travel, there are some more different types of travel as 
well of course. Number of people choosing different modes of travel is rapidly 
increased from 450 to 585 in 2000. 
(This answer does not introduce the information in the table, nor does it report it 
accurately. The figures are misinterpreted as representing the number of people 
rather than the average number of miles travelled per person per year. 
Consequently the information about the increase in total travel is simply not 
mentioned, so not all key information is covered. There is an attempt to summarise 
trends in the figures, but the reader cannot get a clear overall picture of the 
information because of the fundamental confusion. 
Nevertheless, the information is organised and the writing flows quite well 
because of good use of referencing and other connectors, but there are occasional 
errors in these and the links between ideas are slightly confusing at times. 
The strong feature in this answer is the range of vocabulary which is used with 
some flexibility and good control. A good range of structures is also used, but there 
are still some fairly basic mistakes, such as in the choice of tense, subject/verb 
agreement and inappropriate use of the passive.) 
C7-TEST 1 
The table below gives information on consumer spending on different items in five 
different countries in 2002. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make 
comparisons where relevant. 
(5.5) 
Different countries' consumer spendings are quite different. The table shows the vary 
consumer spending on a series of items in the five countries, namely, the Ireland, Italy, 
Span, Sweden and Turkey in 2002. 
Food, drinks and tobacco were in the most important position on consumer spending 
in all of the five countries, and in a different percentage. In Ireland and Turkey, they 
were near 30%, while in the other three countries they are under 20%. 
Clothing and footwear were the second important consumer spending in these 
countries. In Italy, they got 9%, and in Sweden, they were 5.4%,In the other three 
countries, the figure were very similar, all were near 6.5%. 
The last consumer spending were leisure and education. In Turkey, they were 
4.35%,and in the other four countries the figure were under 4% 
In conclusion, it can be said that in 2002,food,drinks and tabacoo were the most 
important consumer spending in the five countries, and the different countries' 
consumer spending were quite different. 
(This answer focuses on the key features of the information, clearly grouping the 
countries, using supporting figures and presenting an overview. However, there is 
no clear reference to what the percentages represent and key comparisons need 
more expansion. 
Information is organized with clear signaling and some effective referencing 
and linking, although not all ideas are clearly linked and the overall progression is 
achieved by repetition in the final section. 
The range of vocabulary is rather narrow and just sufficient for the task. The 
attempt to paraphrase the rubric shows limited flexibility. There are several spelling 
and word form errors, and quite a lot of repetition. Similarly, the range of sentence 
forms is not wide, with few examples of complex structures. However, apart from 
one or two errors in basic grammar, simple structures are accurate and easily 
understood.) 
流程图/地图diagram/map 
C5T2 
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The map below is of the town of Garlsdon. A new supermarket (S) is planned for 
the town. The map shows two possible sites for the supermarket. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and 
make comparisons where relevant. 
You should write at least 150 words. 
Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own 
knowledge or experience. 
model answer: 
The map shows two proposed locations for a new supermarket for the town of 
Garisdon. 
The first potential location (S1) is outside the town itself, and is sited just off the main 
road to the town of Hindon, lying 12 kms to the north-west. This site is in the 
countryside and so would be able to accommodate a lot of car parking. This would 
make it accessible to shoppers from both Hindon and Garlsdon who could travel by 
car. As it is also close to the railway line linking the two towns to Cransdon (25 km to 
the south-east), a potentially large number of shoppers would also be able to travel by 
train. 
In contrast, the suggested location, S2, is right in the town centre, which would be 
good for local residents. Theoretically the store could be accessed by road or rail from 
the surrounding towns, including Bransdon, but as the central area is a no-traffic zone, 
cars would be unable to park and access would be difficult. 
Overall, neither site is appropriate for all the towns, but for customers in Cransdon, 
Hindon and Garlsdon, the out-of-town site (S1) would probably offer more 
advantages. 
(179 words) 
C6T3 
C8T3 
剑1-8 Task1题型总结
C3-T4, C5-T1, C7-T2,C8-T4 
LINE+PIE: C4-T2 
LINE 
LINE+BAR: C3-T1, C4-T4 
LINE+TABLE: C6-T1 
C7-T4, C8-T2 
PIE+BAR: C1-T1 
PIE 
PIE+TABLE: C8-T1 
C3-T2, C3-T3, C4-T3, C5-T2, C6-T4, C7-T3 
BAR 
C4-T1, C5-T4, C6-T2, C7-T1 
TABLE 
C5-T3 
MAP 
C6-T3, C8-T3
101. 
You  should  spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The  line graph below gives  information about the number of visitors to 
three London museums between June and September 2013. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, 
and make comparisons where relevant. 
Write at  least  150 words. 
Test Tip
Check the horizontal axis to find whether the graph refers to past, present, 
future or all three.
We use the present simple to describe the graph: The graph            … , We
shows
can  see  
…                                                                 
If the graph refers to past period of time,we use the past simple,and
if the graph includes future times,we use will or it is predicted 
.
that                              
Look at the line graph and complete the text with the correct forms of 
the verbs in brackets and the correct prepositions.
The graph  shows(show) how many people  visited(visit) three London   
museums  in the  summer of 2013. Most visitors  went(go) to the British 
museum  betweenJune and September. The number  fluctuated(fluctuate) 
between 500 and 750. By contrast, the Science Museum and the Natural   
History Museum  received(receive) fewer visitors. The number of people 
who visited the Science Museum dropped(drop) gradually from 400 thousand 
to 300 from June to August then rose(rise) to 450 thousand inSeptember. 
We can see(see) that the trend for the Natural History Museum was(be) 
similar. There was a sharp drop in visitors from June to July. The number 
remainedstable(remain stable) in August and then increased(increase) 
steadily  in September. 
102. 
You  should  spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The chart below shows the percentage change in the share of international 
students among university graduates in different Canadian provinces 
between 2001 and 2006. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, 
and make comparisons where relevant. 
Write at  least  150 words. 
Source:Statistics Canada,Postsecondary Student Information System
People’sreasonsforusingthecarincity
Commute to work
55%
Shopping 
15% 
Leisure activities
15% 
Taking children to school 
40% 
45%
Business
Test Tip 
In IELTS Writing Task 1, when you must describe two figures, ask yourself 
the following:
1)What do both figures relate to?
2)What kind of relationship is evident?(a similarity,a difference,a 
cause and effect relationship or some other type of relationship)
3) Which aspects of each figure  should be highlighted? 
4) Should  I describe the figures  in  separate paragraphs, or  should  I 
compare different aspects of the figures within a series of paragraph?
Model answer 
The table shows the reason why people  in Edmonton use their cars  in the 
city and the pie chart explains what type of transport people prefer to 
use most of the time.
Looking at the pie chart first,it is clear that the car is the most popular 
means of transport in this city.45%of the people say that they prefer 
to commute by car. The second most popular form of transport  is the LRT, 
while busses and taxis are the main means of transport for the rest of 
the people. 
The table gives more detailed information about why people use their cars. 
Surprisingly, 55% of the people need to commute to work by car. Cars are 
also used a lot for taking children to school or business purposes.Only 
15% of drivers are doing their shopping and, similarly, 15% need to travel 
by car for leisure.
Overall, people  in Edmonton make good use of alternative methods of 
transport but there is a heavy dependence on cars for work.
(170 words) 
105. 
You  should  spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The bar chart below shows shares of expenditures for five major categories 
in the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, and Japan in the year 
2009. 
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information 
below. 
Write at  least  150 words. 
Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics
Test Tip 
106. 
Vocabulary Tip 
Notice the following rules for the  spelling of the words programme  and 
program : 
programme  (UK only) = a  show on television 
program  (US only) = a  show on television 
program  (UK and US) =  instructions for a computer  (a verb and a noun) 
You  should  spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The charts give  information about two genres of TV programmes watched 
by men and women and four different age groups  in Australia. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, 
and make comparisons where relevant. 
Write at  least  150 words. 
IELTS Tip 
graphs, make sure you understand what each axis is measuring. 
With 
•
With bar and pie charts, there is often a key which tells you what 
•    
each different bar or area represents. 
With tables, read the data across the rows and down the columns to 
•    
identify the key features. 
Fill in the gaps in the model answer. 
The charts give information about the genres of TV programmes that 
Australianmenandwomenanddifferentagegroupswatch.Itisclearfrom
the charts that women tend to watch more television than man overall, 
although they watch slightly fewer game shows. The people who watch the 
most television are in the 45+ age group. 
Nearly 70% of women watch reality shows, which is almost twice as many 
asthepercentageofmenwhochoosethisgenreofprogramme.Nevertheless,
most age groups watch more reality shows than game shows revealing that 
game shows are generally less popular than reality shows. 
The percentage of people watching reality shows increases steadily from 
ages 16 to 45 with the lowest / smallest percentage of viewers, at just 
over 50% of the age group 16-24 and the highest / biggest / largest / 
greatest percentage, at 68% of the over-45s. 
However,thepatternisdifferentforgameshows.Thenumberofprogrammes
watchedby25-to44-year-oldsissignificantly/considerablylowerthan
the number watched by 16- to 24-year-olds and those over 45. Just over 
50%of16-to24-year-oldswatchgameshows,butthisshareisnotashigh
as the share of people aged 45 and over watching game shows, at nearly 
70%. Only 41% of 35- to 44-year-olds watch game shows, and the share of 
24- to 34-year-olds is slightly / even lower at 38%. 
107. 
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
ThegraphbelowshowsthechangesinfoodconsumptionbyChinesepeople
between 1985 and 2010.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, 
and make comparisons where relevant. 
Write at least 150 words.
Writing Tip 
Itisbesttouseamountandquantityforuncountablenouns,althoughboth
are used for countable nouns as well, particularly quantity. 
The amount of consumption decreased in the last 25 years. 
Answer
The graph shows changes in the amount of fish, salt and meat eaten per 
person per week in China between 1985 and 2010. 
From the graph we can see that people in China consumed more fish than 
either meat or salt throughout the period. In 1985, the consumption of 
fish stood at 610 grams, then increased to 700 grams in 1990. Although 
it dipped in 1995, it then rose steadily and reached 850 grams in 2010. 
In contrast, there was a consistent drop in salt consumption. The amount 
consumed decreased steadily from almost 500 grams per person to only 200 
grams by 2010. The amount of meat consumed weekly started at about 100 
grams. However, this gradually increased throughout the period. By 2010 
it was at the same level as the consumption of salt. 
Overall,theconsumptionoffishrose,whiletheconsumptionofsaltfell.
In addition, the consumption of meat, while at a relatively low level, 
rose significantly during this period. 
108. 
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
Thegraphbelowshowsthepopulationchangebetween1940and2000inthree
different counties in the U.S. state of Oregon. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, 
and make comparisons where relevant. 
Write at least 150 words.
IELTS Tip 
The  structure of your answer would  look  like this: 
Introduction  - Explain briefly  in your own words what the  information 
shows. Give more detail than the question and make  comparisons where 
appropriate.
Main Body  - Decide how to organise your paragraphs. For example,  in the 
model answer below, paragraph 2 is about 1940- 1970, paragraph 3 is about 
1970-2000 for Columbia and Yamhill, and  paragraph 4  is about  1970-2000 
for Washington. Use words such as although and however to make contrasts, 
and words such as likewise to introduce similarities.Always include the 
actual data you have been given. The final paragraph is not a conclusion 
in this type of task.
Model answer 
The graph shows the  increase  in population of three counties, Columbia, 
Yamhill and Washington in the U.S. state of Oregon, between 1940 and 2000. 
In  1940, Columbia had the  lowest population of the three counties, at 
around 25,000. This compared with about 30,000  in Yamhill and               
approximately 75,000  in Washington. 
By 1970, Columbia’s population had risen to just under 36,000. Although 
this appears on the graph to be a gentle increase, it is in fact an increase 
of approximately 50%. Yamhill’s population also rose by nearly 50%     
between  1940 and  1970: from 30,000 to  just under 45,000. However, the 
greatest real  increase was  in Washington, where the population  in  1970 
had  increased by approximately 75,000, to  125,000. 
The years 1970 to 2000 saw the populations of Columbia and Yamhill increase 
by approximately the same amounts that they had  increased by the thirty 
years before. In 2000, Columbia’s population  – at approximately 76,000 
– was triple what it had been in 1940. Likewise, Yamhill’s population, 
at around 90,000, was almost triple what  it was  in  1940. 
Although Washington ’s  increase  in population between  1940 and  1970 was 
large,its increase in the following thirty years was even sharper,rising 
from about  125,000  in  1970 to more than 240,000  in 2000. 
(206 words) 
109. 
IELTS Tip 
You will lose marks if you make grammatical errors in your writing, 
particularly when errors are frequent and effect meaning. Be careful of 
the following common mistakes when describing numbers. 
amount and number: amount is used with uncountable nouns; number is used 
with countable nouns, e.g. The amount of meat consumed in China between 
1985 and 2010. NOT .
percentandpercentage:percentisalwaysusedwithanumber;percentage
isusedonitsownwithoutanumber,e.g.Thepercentageofmaleteachers
in the UK. NOT . According to the graph, four per cent of the total 
household budget went towards transportation . NOT . 
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
ThegraphbelowshowstheamountofmoneyspentonbooksinGermany,France,
Italy and Austria between 1995 and 2005. 
Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information 
below.
Write at least 150 words.
Readthefollowingsampleanswer.Completetheanswerbyfillingthegaps
with the words in the box.
sharp 
biggest 
dramatically 
least 
more 
less
three timesmuch
The  line graph compares the amount of money  spent on buying books  in 
Germany, France, Italy and Austria over a period of ten years between 1995 
and 2005. 
In 1995 Austria spent the least amount of money on books, while Italy and 
France spent about as  much as each other. However, by 2001, the gap  in 
spending between these two countries had widened and considerably   more 
money was  spent  in France than  In  Italy. 
As can be seen from the graph, the amount of money spent increased in all 
four countries but rose the most dramatically in Austria.The period 
between 2000 and 2005 saw a sharp growth and  in 2005 the Austrians spent 
three  times  as much money as they did  in  1995. 
However, during this ten-year period, Germany remained the  biggest 
spenders on book, with all three other countries spending much   less on 
them. 
110. 
IELTS Tip 
It is quite common for IELTS Writing Task 1 to involve more than one piece 
of information relating to the topic. For example, you may get two or three 
pie charts that you must compare. The pie charts may represent different 
years and show trends over time.In this case,you will have to describe 
the changes and similarities/differences between the pie charts.
Related Topic:  Comparing pie charts
You  should  spend about 20 minutes on this task. 
The three pie charts below show the changes in annual spending by local 
authorities  in Someland  in  1980,  1990 and 2000. 
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, 
and make comparisons where relevant. 
Write at  least  150 words.
Expenditure by local authorities in Someland
Model answer 
The charts show how much  local authorities spent on a range of services
in Someland  in three  separate years:  1980,  1990 and 2000.
In all three years,the greatest expenditure was on education.But while
K-12 education saw a fall from 25% in 1980 to only 18% of spending in 2000,
higher education remained the  largest proportion, reaching 45% of total
spending  in  1990 and ending at 40%  in 2000.
Expenditure on health and human resources had  increased to 20% by  1990
before decreasing to only  10% by the end of the period. In contrast, the 
share of transportation saw an opposite trend. This cost decreased to only 
6% of total expenditure  in  1990 but rose dramatically  in 2000 when  it 
represented 22% of the total budget. Similarly, the cost of environmental 
services  saw a rising trend, growing from only 4% to 9% by 2000. 
Overall,higher education constituted the largest cost to local 
authorities,and while spending increased for transportation and 
environmental services, there were corresponding drops in expenditure on 
health and human resources and K-12 education. 
(178 words)

11. Modern lifestyles mean that many parents have little time for their children. Many children suffer because they do not get as much attention from their parents as children did in the past.

In the modern society today, a large number of parents spend their time in the job. Due to this situation, many children do not get much attention from their parents as children did in the past. Of course I admit of children get more comfortable life than before, also children probably having higher living standard as well. Nevertheless, what are the children really want? Is the money? Is the computer? Or is the attention from their dad or mom? The otherwise, what does the parents want to leave in the childhood of their children?

In my opinion, I agree with many children do not get much attention from their parents as children did in the past. In addition, I understand the parents wish to giving better life to their children, therefore, they work harder than before, because of this, the parents lost the time to accompany with their children and unable to pay attention to their children as the children did in the past, but I think the most important thinking is “there are not thing important than the attention from the parents to children”. We should know the rich material life can’t replace the care from parents of children. One of parents’ responsibilities is take good care to their children, also parents should spend more time to teach children.

In conclusion, modern lifestyle changed relationship between parents and children, many parents misunderstand the meaning of bring up of children, they thought “bring up of children” means giving money to their children, giving anything the children want is love. But actually it totally wrong, the most important part of bring up must be pay attention to children, care them, teach them, not only spend money of them.

12. More and more qualified people are moving from poor to rich countries to fill vacancies in specialist areas like engineering, computing and medicine. Some people believe that by encouraging the movement of such people, rich countries are stealing from poor countries. Others feel that this is only part of the natural movement of workers around the world. (brain drain)

The so-called ‘brain drain’ from poor to rich countries is now robbing poorer countries of essential personnel like doctors, nurses, engineers, and the trend is set to continue, if not to get worse.

Some people say this movement of people around the world is not a new phenomenon. Migrant workers have always been attracted by the wider choice of employment and greater opportunity in major cities in their own countries and abroad. Recently, as the technological age has advanced and as richer countries find themselves with not enough workers to feed their development, they have had to run to other parts of the world to find the necessary manpower. Many richer European countries, for example, are now trying to attract skilled IT workers from my home country India by offering higher salaries than they could hope to earn at home. With the globalisation of the world（加’s）economy, many people feel that the process cannot be stopped.

Others, myself included, are of the opinion that measures should be taken to address the problem, by compensating poorer countries financially for the loss of investment in the people they have trained, like doctors and nurses. Admittedly, this may be cumbersome to administer, but an attempt could be made to get it off the ground. Another step, which in part has already begun to happen, is to use the forces of globalization itself. Western countries could encourage people to stay in their own countries by direct investment in projects like computer factories or by sending patients abroad for treatment, as is already happening.

It is obviously difficult to restrict the movement of people around the world and it is probably foolish to try to stop it, but attempts should be made to redress the imbalance.

13. Computers and modems have made it possible for office workers to do much of their work from home instead of working in offices every day. Working from home should be encouraged as it is good for workers and employers.

In recent years the vast expansion of information and communications technology has made teleworking much more practical. Although in many cases office workers could be made geographically independent by using modems, faxes and cell phones, few companies or employees take full advantage of this possibility.

There are a number of strong arguments in favor of allowing workers to work from home. Firstly costs for employers would be reduced because businesses would require less office space, which is often situated in the center of large cities. Secondly, worker's lives would be improved in a variety of ways. For example, they would not need to travel to get to work, which would give them more free time.

Also, they could combine their work with their family life, which is a major advantage if they are parents of young children or they have old people to look after.On the other hand, traveling to a centralized workplace also has a number of points in its favor. The first is that many employees would miss the social aspect of work such as seeing colleagues and meeting customers. A further point is that employers would need to be able to trust their workers to work at a high standard and finish their work on time, since supervising teleworkers is even more complicated than supervising workers in the same office.

Finally, working from home might inhibit teamwork and creative work and so perhaps so only really suitable for people doing routine office work.

In conclusion, I believe that while many workers welcome the opportunity to go out to work, others would find the chance to work from home very convenient. Where possible, I think workers should be offered the choice, but not forced to work from home unless they wish to.

14. Nowadays many students have the opportunity to study for part or all of their courses in foreign countries. While studying abroad brings many benefits to individual students, it also has a number of disadvantages

In recent years there has been a vast increase in the number of students choosing to study abroad. This is partly because people are more affluent and party due to the variety of grants and scholarships which are available for overseas students nowadays. Although foreign study is not something which every student would choose， it is an attractive option for many people.

Studying overseas has a number of advantages. Firstly， it may give students access to knowledge and facilities such as laboratories and libraries which are not available in their home country. Furthermore， by looking abroad students may find a wider range of courses than those offered in their country's universities， and therefore one which fits more closely to their particular requirements.

On the other hand， studying abroad has a number of drawbacks. These may be divided into personal and professional. Firstly， students have to leave their family and friends for a long period. Furthermore， studying abroad is almost always more expensive than studying at one's local university. Finally， students often have to study in a foreign language， which may limit their performance and mean they do not attain their true level.

In my opinion， however， the disadvantages of studying abroad are usually temporary in nature. Students who study abroad generally become proficient in the language quite soon and they are only away from their family and friends for a year or two. Furthermore， many of the benefits last students all their lives and make them highly desirable to prospective employers.

15. Some people feel that certain workers like nurses, doctors and teachers are undervalued and should be paid more, especially when other people like film actors or company bosses are paid huge sums of money that are out of proportion to the importance of the work that they do. How far do you agree? What criteria should be used to decide how much people are paid?

It is undeniable that certain job occupations such as nurses, doctors and teachers contribute greatly to our society, but their incomes seem to be undervalued comparing to film actors or company bosses who are paid a large amount of money. This phenomenon arouses public discussion on what factors should be considered to determine people’s salary.

Some people hold the view that nurses, doctors and teachers are underpaid as their importance of the work are underestimated, but I don’t agree with them.

First of all, film stars and company bosses have to take strong efforts in order to succeed. In other words, those who are considered successful and earn huge sums money stand a small proportion. To be more specific, numerous people desire to become film stars, but only a few of them can achieve their goals. Not only did they work hard, but also they need good luck, opportunities, and helpful partners. The situation is quite similar when things come to company bosses. People work as films stars and company bosses have to endure huge pressure, irregular working hours and inadequate sleeping.

On the other hand, professions such as nurses, doctors and teachers require corresponding education. With relevant degree, it is not difficult to find a job. Besides, the risks and stress are quite manageable.

I think there are a lot of factors that should be taken into considerate to decide how much people are paid. Personal factors include educational background, relevant working experience, skills, etc. Other factors are inclusive of industry development, working hours and intensity, to name just a few. In my opinion, we should develop a method to make a comprehensive assess on people’s earnings.

16. As mass communication and transport continue to grow, societies are becoming more and more alike leading to a phenomenon known as globalization. Some people fear that globalization will inevitably lead to the total loss of cultural identity. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Globalization means that in some ways people around the world are becoming more and more similar. We often eat the same food, watch the same TV programs, listen to the same music and we wear the same clothes. Some of this at least can be blamed on the spread of multinational brands available all over the world.

On the surface, it may appear as if the global diversity of cultural identities is being lost. If, the argument goes, people in Tokyo and London look and dress the same, then that must mean that cultural differences are disappearing. However, I would argue that this is a very narrow definition of culture and that in fact cultural differences are as present as ever.

Cultural Identity is built on far more than just the films we watch or the jeans we wear. The foundation of cultural identity is shared values. When you look in detail at different cultures, you realize that the things that are important to one culture can be very different from the things valued by another culture.

Take my own culture, India, as an example and compare it to a very different culture, Japan. Although I have never visited Japan personally, I believe that it is a culture which places a lot of value on hard work and that people often work very long hours. The Indian people, in contrast, greatly value their leisure time and strive to spend as much lime with their family as they possibly can. Even if we consume the same products, I would argue that there are still some very deep-rooted differences.

To summarize, I do not accept that that total loss of cultural identity is inevitable, despite the influence of large companies and their products around the globe.

17. In some countries young people have little leisure time and are under a lot of pressure to work hard in their studies. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest?

Some young people find themselves with very little leisure time. I believe there are two main causes of this situation. The first is parental pressure and the second is competition for university places.

Every parent wants to see his or her child do well in school and go on to have a successful career. This means that they exert pressure on their children to spend hours each day studying at home. Some even arrange extra tuition for their children. In my own country, it is not uncommon for young people to spend another three hours at small private schools after their usual day at stale school is over. As a consequence, their leisure time is extremely limited and the pressure on them is considerable.

The second cause is related to the higher education system. Each year, there are many times more applicants to university than there are university places. The result of this is that only those students with very high grades manage to obtain a place. This contributes to the pressure on teenagers since they must work long hours to have any chance of success.

One solution to the problem is for parents to be made aware of the effects of the pressure they put on their children. Schools should inform parents that too much pressure can lead to anxiety, stress and depression. They should be shown ways in which they can help their children lead more balanced lives with a reasonable amount of leisure time.

Another effective measure would be for the government to invest in the creation of more university places. This could be done by expanding existing universities or by building new ones. This would have the effect of easing competition for places giving teenagers some of their precious free lime back.

18. Scientists and the news media are presenting ever more evidence of climate change. Governments cannot be expected to solve this problem. It is the responsibility of individuals to change their lifestyle to prevent further damage. What are your views?

Recently scientists worried about climate change have urged governments to introduce measures to reduce the greenhouse gas emissions that are seen as its main cause. Simultaneously, politicians and environmentalists have urged individuals to make changes to their lifestyle. I shall argue that governments and individuals should take join responsibility for this problem.

Firstly, industry accounts for a large proportion of the greenhouse gas emissions, and this can only be controlled by government action. Measures could be taken to discourage pollution, such as limiting or taxing the use of fossil fuels. Alternatively, subsidies could be offered to industries to clean up their production processes. If these ideas were adopted, I believe that businesses would regard pollution as a financial issue.

Secondly, only discussion between governments can ensure that solutions are successful. The Kyoto agreement, for example, tried to reach global agreement on how to address the problem. Without such co-operating, it seems to me that efforts to reduce fuel consumption are unlikely to be effective.

However, national and international policies will only succeed if individuals also change their lifestyle. For example, people could think more carefully about how they use energy in their homes. By using less electricity, installing energy-efficient light bulbs and electrical appliances, or investing in solar panels, individuals can make a real difference.

In addition, I think individual attitudes to transport need to change. Instead of making short tips by car, people could choose to walk, cycle, or take a bus. Since cars are a major source of the problem, changing our behaviour in this area would have a major impact.

In conclusion, I would maintain that only a combination of international agreement, national policies, and changes in individual behaviour will succeed in preventing further damage to the environment.

19. School children are becoming far too dependent on computers. This is having an alarming effect on reading and writing skills. Teachers need to avoid using computers in the classroom at all costs and go back to teaching basic study skills. Do you agree or disagree?

Nowadays modern technology has totally changed our approach to study. In many countries students no longer have to copy notes by hand from the blackboard; instead the teacher gives them a photocopy. Rather than messy ink and pen, students present a typed-up copy of their assignments. Their computer even checks their spelling as they go. In fact, some people believe that modern technology does a lot of our thinking for us and, as a result, we are going to lose our ability to think for ourselves.

In my opinion, spelling skills have definitely deteriorated in recent years. So many young people use mobile phones to send text messages where speed and conciseness are more important than spelling or grammar. Some teachers complain that these students take the same attitude toward their assignments.

On the other hand, typed assignments are much easier to read and are much neater. Frankly, I find some notes or texts which are handwritten almost impossible to read. Doctors, for example, have a reputation for illegible handwriting, which could lead to disastrous medical mistakes. Perhaps it is time we focused not on handwriting but on presenting information as accurately as possible.

One advantage of computers is that access to the Internet has opened up a new world of learning for us. We no longer have to wait for a book that has already been borrowed from the library before we do our research. In fact, the Internet can clearly be used to research information in the same way as a library but more conveniently.

On the whole, rather than holding students back, I believe modern technology has actually improved standards of education considerably.

20. Counties such as China, India and Japan have unsustainable population growths. In fact many experts are of the opinion that the population ‘explosion’ which is now a very worrying concern, is the most serious threat to life on this planet. Give some suggestions to address this problem.

It is true that the population ‘explosion’ which has taken place over the last century, is a very serious problem. One of the main reasons for this unacceptable population growth is a lack of understanding about the environment. Over-population is the major reason for water, soil and air pollution. It is also often the cause of starvation and even wars. Experts have put forward many suggestions to address this problem. The following are just a few of these.

The most important weapon we have to fight population growth is education. This should start at a very early age i.e. before children even go to school. TV cartoons and children’s programs can be used to educate the very young. At high school level, students can be taught about the problem more directly. At university level, scholarships should be made available to students who wish to study further in this field. International exchange groups may also help to increase awareness.

Another important means of controlling population growth is to disadvantage people who have more than one or two children. This can be done, as it is in China, by means of a higher tax. Although it is controversial, persons who come forward to be sterilized could be given a sum of money. It may also be possible to make it advantageous for people to have only one child by giving such couples a special tax deduction.

It should also be possible to make contraception devices free to the public and easily obtainable.

This problem is a very difficult one to address but we should make every effort to do so. There are many other problems which are related to over-population such as increasing crime, illiteracy and pollution. So by addressing one problem we would be addressing the others as well.